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An operating system is a program that manages the computer hardware It also provides a basis for application programms and acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware An amazing aspect of Operating System is how varied they are in accomplishing these tasks of hardware Personl computer(p.c) operating system support complex operating systems are designed to provide an environment in which a user can easily interface with the computer to excute programs. Thus some operating systems are designed to be convenient others to be efficient and others some combination of the two,

To understand what operating system are, we must first understand how they have devloped. In this chapter, we trace the devlopment of operating systems from the first hands-on systems through multiprogrammed and time-shared systems to PCs, and handheld computer's We also discuss operating system variation, such as parallel real-time , and embedded systems. As we move through the various stages, we see how the components of operating systems evolved as natural solutions to problems in early computer system.